Hyperparathyroidism in Children

What is hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is caused by overactive parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands are tiny glands located near the thyroid. Overactive parathyroid glands produce high levels of parathyroid hormone, which, in turn, results in increased levels of calcium in the bloodstream. The excess calcium released by the bones can lead to osteoporosis and osteomalacia (both bone-weakening diseases). Another result of hyperparathyroidism is kidney stones, because of high levels of calcium excreted into the urine by the kidneys. Hyperparathyroidism is quite rare in children.

What causes hyperparathyroidism?

Causes of hyperparathyroidism include benign (noncancerous) tumors on the parathyroid glands or enlargement of the parathyroid glands.

What are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

The following are the most common symptoms of hyperparathyroidism in children. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

Kidney pain (due to the presence of kidney stones)
Diminished bone density that causes bone pain
Joint aches and pains
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue
Excessive urination
Confusion
Muscle weakness

The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your child's doctor for a diagnosis.

How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for hyperparathyroidism may include:

Bone X-rays. A diagnostic test used to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.
Laboratory tests. The tests will measure calcium and parathyroid hormone levels.