Bariatric Surgery Procedure

What is Bariatric Surgery procedure?

There are various types in which bariatric surgery can be performed. It can be performed using an "open" approach or by means of laparoscopy. Open approach involves cutting open the abdomen and laparoscopy involves minor incisions through which surgical instruments are guided into the abdomen. Today, most bariatric surgery is laparoscopic because of lesser cuts, relatively minimal tissue damage, and fewer post-operative complications and allows for earlier hospital discharge.

There are four different types of Bariatric Surgery Procedures:

• Adjustable gastric banding (AGB)
• Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)
• Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch (BPD-DS)
• Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG)

Adjustable gastric banding (AGB)

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is one of the least invasive operations available for obesity. It is done with a few tiny abdominal cuts (1 cm). The Bariatric surgeon puts a laparoscopic instrument through the cuts. Using these tools a band around the top portion of the stomach is placed. Then only a very small pouch will be available for food. This small pouch will make you feel full after eating small portions of food. This will help in losing weight. As the name suggests, this procedure can be adjusted and it can even be reversed if required.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)

Gastric bypass procedure (GBP) is a method in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch and then re-arranged with the small intestine to connect to both.

Restriction: The upper portion of the stomach is seperated from the lower portion. It is then connected to a limb of small intestine called the "Rouxlimb". This new stomach pouch restricts the amount of food consumed. This makes the person feel full after eating only a small amount of food.

Malabsorportion: Once the smaller pouch is created, the digestive system is re-routed to bypass the larger part of your stomach and part of small intestine. The result of the bypass is that you absorb fewer calories and nutrients from the food you eat (malabsorportion)

Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch (BPD-DS)

The duodenal switch (DS) procedure, also known as biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) or gastric reduction duodenal switch (GRDS), is a weight loss surgery procedure that is composed of a restrictive and a malabsorptive aspect.

This procedure begins with removing a large part of the stomach. The valve that releases food to the small intestine is left, along with the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. The bariatric surgeon then closes off the middle section of the intestine and attaches the last part directly to the duodenum. This is the duodenal switch. The separated section of the intestine isn't removed from the body. Instead, it's reattached to the end of the intestine, allowing bile and pancreatic digestive juices to flow into this part of the intestine. This is the biliopancreatic diversion.

As a result of these changes, food bypasses most of the small intestine, limiting the absorption of calories and nutrients. This, together with the smaller size of the stomach, leads to weight loss.

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG)

Sleeve gastrectomy is a bariatric surgical weight-loss procedure in which the stomach is reduced to about 25% of its original size, by removing a large portion of the stomach along the greater curvature. The result is a sleeve or tube like structure. This procedure permanently reduces the size of the stomach, although there could be some dilatation of the stomach later on in life. The procedure is generally performed laparoscopically and is irreversible.

What is Bariatric Surgery

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